What Are Health Disparities?
The Healthy People 3030 initiative by the federal Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) says that a healthy disparity is a "health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage".
Examples of health disparities between groups:
- Two people enter the hospital after being shot. The white person is taken immediately to surgery, while the Black person is questioned by the police.
- A businessperson gets flu-like symptoms, takes time off to visit the doctor, and returns to work. A store clerk gets flu-like symptoms and dies because they can't afford to go to the doctor.
- A teacher in a low-income neighborhood develops asthma because of pollution, while a teacher in a wealthy area on the other side of town enjoys clean air and healthy lungs.
Everybody's health is different, but some people are exposed to more health risks because of their identity, financial status, environment, or other reasons. Racism has devastating effects on the health of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color).
BIPOC receive worse healthcare because of racism.
BIPOC patients don't receive the same quality of healthcare as white patients, regardless of their income level or education. Some BIPOC who are ill don't go to the doctor because they don't expect fair treatment.
The generational trauma from racism causes health problems.
The effects of structural racism are passed from generation to generation. One person's trauma can infect families and communities for years.
Who Is Affected by Health Disparities?
Insights from the data below:
- Sodo and South Beacon Hill have significantly higher rates of Diabetes, at a rate between 15-17%. Many other neighborhoods in Seattle have lower rates of Diabetes compared to national averages.
- American Indian and Alaska Native communities have lower health insurance coverage. About 11% of BIPOC insurance in Seattle, while less than 4% of white residents lack insurance.
How Can We Measure Health Disparities?
Stories from the Community
Free Healthcare Clinic & Seattle Stand Down
The annual free clinic at the Seattle Center provides vital care and check-ups to those unable to access health care due to lack of insurance or inability to pay. For many, this clinic provides hope and relief.
Dr. Ruby Inouye Shu
Dr. Ruby was a Japanese American woman who lived through some of Seattle's darkest days and survived. She became a doctor and served Seattle's Japanese American community throughout her life.
What Are Some Root Causes of Racial Health Disparities?
General Articles
- How racism directly threatens our public health (Crosscut)
- How Racism Makes Us Sick (TED Talk by David R. Williams)
- How Racism May Cause Black Mothers to Suffer The Death Of Their Infants (NPR)
- Racial trauma can be deadly for Black people. Here are five ways to cope with it. (Washington Post)
- Social Determinants of Health: An Introduction (Let's Learn Public Health)
- Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities (American Heart Association)
- The trauma of systematic racism is killing Black women. A first step toward change... (TED Talk by T. Morgan Dixon and Vanessa Garrison)
- What 'Racism Is a Public Health Issue' Means (Smithsonian Magazine)
- Why Race Matters: Black Mental Health (PBS)
Academic Articles
- A Shared Bibliography on Systemic Racism and Health Disparities (Annals of Family Medicine)
- Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice (American Journal of Public Health)
- More than Tuskegee: Understanding Mistrust about Research Participation (Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved)
- Organizational level indicators to address health equity work in local public health agencies: A scoping review (National Library of Medicine)
Dashboards
- King County Health Disparities Dashboard (Communities Count)
- Washington Environmental Health Disparities Map (WA Department of Health)
Who Is Taking Action?
Explore the City of Seattle's Actions Towards Racial Equity
See who to contact, what we'll deliver, and how we plan on meeting our desired outcomes.
Health encompasses many aspects of life, and it's difficult to measure accurately. Data about physical health data, such as lifespan or cancer rates, is not enough to understand health disparities. In order to understand disparities, we need data about social health, such as access to education or neighborhood income levels.
The Healthy People 2030 report will use five key social determinants of health:
The United States has made progress on collecting social health data in recent years, but there is still much more to be done. For example, because of past health disparities, African Americans participate in studies at lower rates, making the current data incomplete.