Annexed Cities

Seattle grew enormously through annexation between 1905 and 1910. Eight small towns were annexed to the City of Seattle, nearly doubling the physical area of the City. Many small towns sought a safer and more reliable water supply, a better sewer system, and a supply of electricity. As Seattle became a more urban and less rural city, its texture changed through annexation, adding distinct communities with characters of their own.

Seattle map
Map of Seattle showing early annexations
Sanitary Survey Land Use Project
(Record Series 2613-03)

Six of the towns - Ballard, Columbia, Ravenna, Southeast Seattle, South Park, and West Seattle - were annexed in 1907.  All areas annexed into the City of Seattle in 1907 struggled with concerns of a growing population: sustaining the water and sewer systems, keeping up with street improvements, and public safety issues. At least two of these, Ravenna and Southeast Seattle, appear to have incorporated as towns specifically for the purpose of petitioning Seattle for annexation. Other towns, such as West Seattle, Ballard, South Park, and Columbia, had their own character and community before becoming part of the City of Seattle. Some of those towns became part of Seattle enthusiastically, and others reluctantly.

While each town had its own reasons for petitioning for annexation, some common themes emerge. Common to all the communities annexed to the City are comments relating to a fading rural way of life. Impounded cows, complaints of the noise of cowbells, and loose livestock all signaled the switch to an increasingly urban lifestyle, although the issues of noise, animals at large, and vandalism have not disappeared even today.  Many had difficulties in securing a safe and ample water supply for their populations, and other utilities like sewers and electricity also caused difficulties for the town councils. It was difficult to keep up with street improvements for their growing populations, and some towns found themselves with growing debt. The towns ended up deciding it was in their best interest to ask that their problems - and their resources - become part of the City of Seattle.

The last of the small towns to be annexed to the City of Seattle was Georgetown, which incorporated in 1904 and was annexed into Seattle April 11, 1910. After this date, no large annexations were made until the early 1950s.

The most common method of annexation was a petition describing the area to be annexed, which had to be contiguous to the City. The petition had to contain valid signatures of at least 20% of the electors who had voted in the last general election in the area, and include a request that an election be held. If the Council approved the election, the county checked the validity of the signatures, and an election was held. After the vote, Seattle City Council could accept or reject the annexation, although no vote for annexation was ever refused.

The text of this exhibit was used, in part, to construct a travelling exhibit on annexations and Seattle's growth in 1907. That exhibit was a joint project of HistoryLink, the Mayor's Office of Arts and Cultural Affairs, and the Seattle Municipal Archives. For information about all of Seattle's annexations through the years, see our interactive annexation map.

Municipal Archives, City Clerk

Anne Frantilla, City Archivist
Address: 600 Fourth Avenue, Third Floor, Seattle, WA, 98104
Mailing Address: PO Box 94728, Seattle, WA, 98124-4728
Phone: (206) 684-8353
archives@seattle.gov

The Office of the City Clerk maintains the City's official records, provides support for the City Council, and manages the City's historical records through the Seattle Municipal Archives. The Clerk's Office provides information services to the public and to City staff.